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  Egypt and the Helping Hand

  Adel A. Beshai

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  The UNDP in Egypt

  Luciano Cappelletti

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  Conflicting Objectives in the Egyptian American Aid Relationship

  Heba A. Handoussa

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  The Development of Cooperation

  Nicholas S. Hopkins

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  The Ford Foundation in Egypt

  Ann M. Lesch

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  Egypt and the US: An Aid or Trade Relationship?

  Dennis D. Miller

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  Whose Knowledge Counts: Discourse and Development in an Egyptian Rural Community

  Cynthia Nelson

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  The Impacts of Egyptian American Academic Research: The Cairo/Massachusetts Institute of Technology Program

  Mohamed El Sayed Selim

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  The Perspective of the Egyptian Ministry of Investment on Development Assistance Programs

  Wagih Shindy

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  The US Agency for International Development in Egypt

  Michael Stone

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  Conclusion: Foreign Aid and the Future of Egypt

  Earl L. Sullivan

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

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  Introduction: The impact of Development Assistance on Egypt

  Earl L. Sullivan

  Egypt has been and continues to be one of the major recipients of development assistance in the third world, yet very little effort has been made to assess the overall impact of this aid on Egypt A symposium was held on December 10th and 11th, 1983 in Oriental Hall at the American University in Cairo, organized by Cairo Papers in Social Science with financial support from the Cairo Office of the Ford Foundation. Egyptian government ministers, officials from representative donors and scholars experienced in development were invited to make formal presentations to the symposium. The essays presented in this issue were all presented at the symposium

• 

  Categories in Urban Political Economy: Informal Sector Employment in Egypt

  Mahmoud Abdel Fadil

  This work on urban research strategies in Egypt is the product of several factors. First of all is the challenge, excitement, diversity and stimulation of living in Egyptian cities, Cairo above all. Not only are Egyptian cities rooted in deep antiquity, but they have the richly stratified layers of a host of great civilizations. Modern urban Egypt is immeasurably complex in its own right, but its quite astounding past only adds to its wonderment. Thus, the chief inspiration for this publication is the wealthy cultural and historical context in which these scholars were assembled and where they sought to interpret a range of adjustments and reacdons to modern urban life. The second factor is found in the intellectual fecundity and the traditions of the Social Research Center (SRC) at the American University in Cairo which has, for three decades, been at the epicenter of social investigation and evaluation in Egyptian society. Its contribution is truly without adequate definition in terms of published works, academic interaction, research and development. The SRC represents the intellectual birthplace of a host of Egyptian, American and other foreign scholars who have come to study Egypt. The creation of the Urban Development Unit in 1982 as a section of the SRC has underscored the pioneering on another area of specialized research in Egypt. The workshop held on 6-7 June 1982 on "Strategies for Urban Research in the 1980s' was sponsored by this new unit of the SRC. The third factor which made the workshop possible was represented in the unpaid, voluntary contributions of time and effort of the assembled participants and contributors and especially of the Workshop Preparatory Committee, composed mainly but not exclusively of the following: Mark Kennedy, Ibrahim Omar, Madiha Al-Safty, Marina Ottaway, Barbara Ibrahim, Nick Hopkins, Saneya Saleh, Assad Nadim, Soha Abdel Kader, Tim Sullivan and myself. Finally, the pleasant atmosphere, ample luncheons and refreshments, secretarial support and other details. of the workshop's inf ras true ture were sustained through the generosity of the Cairo office of the Ford Foundation and its Director, John Gerhart. Here, appreciation for all of the above is very gratefully recorded. Some of the participants were invited only to enjoy the academic interaction and to enrich the base of discussion with comments from their own pertinent experiences. Others were invited to prepare papers for the workshop. As far as possible, the papers were reproduced and circulated before and during the workshop to make a qualitative contribution to the depth and intensity of the discussion which followed each group of papers. For various reasons, all of the papers originally presented are not published here but certain among them were selected and edited for this special publication. Also, while the discussions followed each unit of grouped papers, the versions presented here are really a distillation of this stimulating dialogue. Special mention needs to be made to the Editorial Board of CAIRO PAPERS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE at the American University in Cairo which has been willing to publish these papers as Volume 6, Number 2 of this journal. Since the decision was made, I have been asked to join the Editorial Board and have benefitted from the collegial criticisms and general support of the Board. In this context, particular note is due for the contribution of Mahmoud Abdel-Fadil. His workshop paper was actually a condensed version of a larger work on the same topic which Md already been submitted to CAIRO PAPERS for publication. Since the study of the urban informal sector was so strongly featured in the workshop discussions, the Editorial Board concluded and Dr. Abdel-Fadil agreed that hie paper would be best published in its entirety in this publication. I believe that we all benefit from his flexibility and understanding. The other papers represent on-going research and/or were specially prepared for the workshop. Finally, acknowledgement of the critical secretarial support for this publication is very gratefully offered to Hekmat. Wasef, Yvonne Shunbo, Mona Tawfik, Brenda Carpenter and Joan Bickelhaupt who helped with some of the transcriptions of the taped discussion.

• 

  Part II: The Conceptual and Institutional Framework of the Non Aligned Movement - The Institutional Structure of Non-Alignment: An Evaluation of its Successes and Failures

  M. Samir Ahmed

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Part V: Africa and Non Alignment - Africa and Non Alignment

  M. Samir Ahmed

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Urban Welfare and Administration: Sociological Perspectives on Urban Housing

  Madiha Al Safty

  This work on urban research strategies in Egypt is the product of several factors. First of all is the challenge, excitement, diversity and stimulation of living in Egyptian cities, Cairo above all. Not only are Egyptian cities rooted in deep antiquity, but they have the richly stratified layers of a host of great civilizations. Modern urban Egypt is immeasurably complex in its own right, but its quite astounding past only adds to its wonderment. Thus, the chief inspiration for this publication is the wealthy cultural and historical context in which these scholars were assembled and where they sought to interpret a range of adjustments and reacdons to modern urban life. The second factor is found in the intellectual fecundity and the traditions of the Social Research Center (SRC) at the American University in Cairo which has, for three decades, been at the epicenter of social investigation and evaluation in Egyptian society. Its contribution is truly without adequate definition in terms of published works, academic interaction, research and development. The SRC represents the intellectual birthplace of a host of Egyptian, American and other foreign scholars who have come to study Egypt. The creation of the Urban Development Unit in 1982 as a section of the SRC has underscored the pioneering on another area of specialized research in Egypt. The workshop held on 6-7 June 1982 on "Strategies for Urban Research" in the 1980s' was sponsored by this new unit of the SRC. The third factor which made the workshop possible was represented in the unpaid, voluntary contributions of time and effort of the assembled participants and contributors and especially of the Workshop Preparatory Committee, composed mainly but not exclusively of the following: Mark Kennedy, Ibrahim Omar, Madiha Al-Safty, Marina Ottaway, Barbara Ibrahim, Nick Hopkins, Saneya Saleh, Assad Nadim, Soha Abdel Kader, Tim Sullivan and myself. Finally, the pleasant atmosphere, ample luncheons and refreshments, secretarial support and other details. of the workshop's inf ras true ture were sustained through the generosity of the Cairo office of the Ford Foundation and its Director, John Gerhart. Here, appreciation for all of the above is very gratefully recorded. Some of the participants were invited only to enjoy the academic interaction and to enrich the base of discussion with comments from their own pertinent experiences. Others were invited to prepare papers for the workshop. As far as possible, the papers were reproduced and circulated before and during the workshop to make a qualitative contribution to the depth and intensity of the discussion which followed each group of papers. For various reasons, all of the papers originally presented are not published here but certain among them were selected and edited for this special publication. Also, while the discussions followed each unit of grouped papers, the versions presented here are really a distillation of this stimulating dialogue. Special mention needs to be made to the Editorial Board of CAIRO PAPERS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE at the American University in Cairo which has been willing to publish these papers as Volume 6, Number 2 of this journal. Since the decision was made, I have been asked to join the Editorial Board and have benefitted from the collegial criticisms and general support of the Board. In this context, particular note is due for the contribution of Mahmoud Abdel-Fadil. His workshop paper was actually a condensed version of a larger work on the same topic which Md already been submitted to CAIRO PAPERS for publication. Since the study of the urban informal sector was so strongly featured in the workshop discussions, the Editorial Board concluded and Dr. Abdel-Fadil agreed that hie paper would be best published in its entirety in this publication. I believe that we all benefit from his flexibility and understanding. The other papers represent on-going research and/or were specially prepared for the workshop. Finally, acknowledgement of the critical secretarial support for this publication is very gratefully offered to Hekmat. Wasef, Yvonne Shunbo, Mona Tawfik, Brenda Carpenter and Joan Bickelhaupt who helped with some of the transcriptions of the taped discussion.

• 

  Part IV: Non Alignment and the New International Economic Order - Non-Alignment: North-South and South-South

  Adel Beshai

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Nutrition: Facts, Fallacies and Implications for Women concerned with Development

  Anne M.S. Coles

  The decision to reprint this volume has afforded the editor an opportunity to take another look at some of the issues and questions raised during the 1976 seminar and ask whether there have been any major changes or shifts of attention that bear directy on women, their health, and the development process in contemporary Egypt. Perhaps the single most significant trend in thinking about health care to emerge since the publication of the monograph has been the declaration of the International WHO Conference held in Alma-Ata, USSR in 1978 endorsing that primary health care is the key to achieving the target of health for all by the year 2000.

• 

  Part I: Non Alignment in a Changing Global System - Basic Features of the Present International System

  A. K. Damodaran

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Part I: Non Alignment in a Changing Global System - The Impact of the Present International System on the Non Aligned Movement

  V. P. Dott

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Current Problems in Gynecology and Obstetrics and their Effects on Patient Attutudes

  Samira El-Mallah

  The decision to reprint this volume has afforded the editor an opportunity to take another look at some of the issues and questions raised during the 1976 seminar and ask whether there have been any major changes or shifts of attention that bear directy on women, their health, and the development process in contemporary Egypt. Perhaps the single most significant trend in thinking about health care to emerge since the publication of the monograph has been the declaration of the International WHO Conference held in Alma-Ata, USSR in 1978 endorsing that primary health care is the key to achieving the target of health for all by the year 2000.

• 

  Planning Recommendations for Children and Youth in Egypt: A Working Paper Presented for the International Year of the Child

  Madiha El-Safty

  The decision to reprint this volume has afforded the editor an opportunity to take another look at some of the issues and questions raised during the 1976 seminar and ask whether there have been any major changes or shifts of attention that bear directy on women, their health, and the development process in contemporary Egypt. Perhaps the single most significant trend in thinking about health care to emerge since the publication of the monograph has been the declaration of the International WHO Conference held in Alma-Ata, USSR in 1978 endorsing that primary health care is the key to achieving the target of health for all by the year 2000.

• 

  Part VI: Basic Challenges to the Non-Aligned Movement in the 1980s - Challenges to and prospects of the Non Aligned Movement during the eighties

  Samaan Farajallah

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Part III: Non Alignment and Security Problems of the Third World- Non Alignment and Security

  Esam ElDin Galal

  With the thaw of the cold war and the emergence of detente between the superpowers, it was widely argued that the policy of non-alignment had almost lost its relevance. Behind this belief was the assumption that non-alignment was the outcome of the cold war. However, non alignment did not go into oblivion as predicted by the cold war theory. On the contrary, the Movement was able to adapt itself to the new international conditions of the 1970's and to reemerge bigorously as a major political force in the 1980's. The papers published in this volume tackle these questions from various perspectives. The first two, written by two Indian scholars, provide us with a macroscopic viewpoint of the present international system and its impact on the primary orientations of the Non-Aligned Movement. The papers of Dr. Haroub Othman and Dr. Samir Ahmed review the political and organizational evolution of the Movement. Dr. Galal's and Dr. Singh's papers attempt to describe the security challenges of the Non-Aligned Move cent in the 1980' s and the feasibility of formulating a Non-Aligned Security Doctrine. The next two contributions discuss the political economy of non-alignment. Dr. Selim's paper reviews the emergence of the economic paradigm of non-aligned countries -- the evolution of the Movement of Non-Alignment as to form the main economic pressure group for Third World countries during the 1970's and the basic obstacles which arc likely to influence the economic role of the Movement in Dr Bashai discusses the role of the Movement in North-South the negotiations and the fostering of South-South cooperation. In his second contribution to chis volume, Dr. Samir Ahmed discusses the particular nature of Africa's non-alignment and the basic challenges which confront the continent its endeavor to preserve its non-aligned international status. Finally, Dr. Tadic and Dr. Farajallah succinctly tackle the difficult task of attempting co-identify the general global and structural problems which confront the Nonaligned Movement in the 1980's and the prospects for the future.

• 

  Special Urban Research Projects: The Case for Sites and Services Schemes

  John D. Gerhart

  This work on urban research strategies in Egypt is the product of several factors. First of all is the challenge, excitement, diversity and stimulation of living in Egyptian cities, Cairo above all. Not only are Egyptian cities rooted in deep antiquity, but they have the richly stratified layers of a host of great civilizations. Modern urban Egypt is immeasurably complex in its own right, but its quite astounding past only adds to its wonderment. Thus, the chief inspiration for this publication is the wealthy cultural and historical context in which these scholars were assembled and where they sought to interpret a range of adjustments and reacdons to modern urban life. The second factor is found in the intellectual fecundity and the traditions of the Social Research Center (SRC) at the American University in Cairo which has, for three decades, been at the epicenter of social investigation and evaluation in Egyptian society. Its contribution is truly without adequate definition in terms of published works, academic interaction, research and development. The SRC represents the intellectual birthplace of a host of Egyptian, American and other foreign scholars who have come to study Egypt. The creation of the Urban Development Unit in 1982 as a section of the SRC has underscored the pioneering on another area of specialized research in Egypt. The workshop held on 6-7 June 1982 on "Strategies for Urban Research in the 1980s' was sponsored by this new unit of the SRC. The third factor which made the workshop possible was represented in the unpaid, voluntary contributions of time and effort of the assembled participants and contributors and especially of the Workshop Preparatory Committee, composed mainly but not exclusively of the following: Mark Kennedy, Ibrahim Omar, Madiha Al-Safty, Marina Ottaway, Barbara Ibrahim, Nick Hopkins, Saneya Saleh, Assad Nadim, Soha Abdel Kader, Tim Sullivan and myself. Finally, the pleasant atmosphere, ample luncheons and refreshments, secretarial support and other details. of the workshop's inf ras true ture were sustained through the generosity of the Cairo office of the Ford Foundation and its Director, John Gerhart. Here, appreciation for all of the above is very gratefully recorded. Some of the participants were invited only to enjoy the academic interaction and to enrich the base of discussion with comments from their own pertinent experiences. Others were invited to prepare papers for the workshop. As far as possible, the papers were reproduced and circulated before and during the workshop to make a qualitative contribution to the depth and intensity of the discussion which followed each group of papers. For various reasons, all of the papers originally presented are not published here but certain among them were selected and edited for this special publication. Also, while the discussions followed each unit of grouped papers, the versions presented here are really a distillation of this stimulating dialogue. Special mention needs to be made to the Editorial Board of CAIRO PAPERS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE at the American University in Cairo which has been willing to publish these papers as Volume 6, Number 2 of this journal. Since the decision was made, I have been asked to join the Editorial Board and have benefitted from the collegial criticisms and general support of the Board. In this context, particular note is due for the contribution of Mahmoud Abdel-Fadil. His workshop paper was actually a condensed version of a larger work on the same topic which Md already been submitted to CAIRO PAPERS for publication. Since the study of the urban informal sector was so strongly featured in the workshop discussions, the Editorial Board concluded and Dr. Abdel-Fadil agreed that hie paper would be best published in its entirety in this publication. I believe that we all benefit from his flexibility and understanding. The other papers represent on-going research and/or were specially prepared for the workshop. Finally, acknowledgement of the critical secretarial support for this publication is very gratefully offered to Hekmat. Wasef, Yvonne Shunbo, Mona Tawfik, Brenda Carpenter and Joan Bickelhaupt who helped with some of the transcriptions of the taped discussion.