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  The 1952 Revolution and Democracy

  Tarek El Bishry

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

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  Towards a New Democratic Life: A Prologue

  Boutros Boutros Ghali

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

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  The Socio-Economic Requisites of Democracy

  Saad Eddin Ibrahim

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

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  Political Evolution from the One-Party to the Multi-Party System

  Sayed Marei

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

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  Prospects for Democracy in Egypt

  John Waterbury

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

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  Social Structure and Democratic Practice

  El-Sayed Yassin

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

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  The Democratic Experience in Egypt 1923-1952

  Hassan Youssef

  Thjs monograph is the outcome of a symposium on the theme of "Problems and Prospects of Democracy in Egypt", which was organized by the Centre for Political and Strategic Studies of AI-Ahram Foundation, and the Department of Political Science of the American University jn Cairo. The symposium was held from 8 - 11 December 1976, and was attended by a number of university professors and scholars representing different intel 1- ectual and ideological persuasions. It took place at a time when Egyptian democracy was in the ascendent: thus papers and discussions radiated a general feeling of optimism. The pages that fol low represent, in a sense, the testimony of a number of Egyptian Intellectuals and a summation of their perceptions of the problems that democracy faces in their country. This volume could not have been possible without the active support and encouragement of a number of people. I would like to express my deep­est gratitude to Dr Thomas Lamont, Dean of the Faculties at AUC, who was of untold help in making into reality the idea of the symposium and the project of this monograph. I would also like to thank Dr Boutros Boutros­ Ghali and Dr Earl Sullivan for their vital help. Mr Bahgat Badei made an initial translation of most of the papers which were originally delivered in Arabic. Responsibility for verification of the translations is my own. My sincere thanks go also to Mr Michel Le Gal I, who spent considerable time reading the manuscript, and who suggested various stylistic improvements.

• 

  Nutrition: Facts, Fallacies and Implications for Women concerned with Development

  Anne M.S. Coles

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.

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  Current Problems in Gynecology and Obstetrics and their Effects on Patient Attutudes

  Samira El-Mallah

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.

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  Education for Women-For What?

  Wafik Hassouna

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.

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  Discourse is not enough: A Challenge from the Seminar

  Cynthia Nelson

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.

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  Reconceptualizing Health Care

  Cynthia Nelson

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.

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  Styles and Sources of Social Change: Women's Movements as Critiques of Health Care Systems

  Virginia Olesen

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.

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  Health, Development and Women

  Earl L. (Tim) Sullivan

  The seminar from which these papers flow was the product of many minds, multiple energies and much co-operation during the many months prior to its final implementation. The idea of a women's seminar oriented to the issues and concerns of contemporary Egyptian society was initially put forth in the fal I of 1974 to coincide with efforts that were developing on a national level in Egypt to commemorate 1975 as International Women's Year. It is with deepest gratitude that I extend special appreciation to Mrs. Marlene Michel Anawati, then a Post Master's Fellow in the Department of Sociology­Anthropology and Psychology. Her appointment by The Ministry of Social Affairs to the Special National Women's Committee for co­ordinating plans for Egypt's participation at the United Nations World Conference of the International Women's Year in Mexico City provided a meaningful link between the university and the national committee. Emanating from discussions with Mrs. Anawati and our col leagues was the decision to participate in these national activities through the vehicle of an Open University Seminar Serles focussing on women. In the spring of 1975 the first seminar series was initiated on the theme of the Egyptian Feminist Movement and its Implication on the changing status of women. Special thanks and acknowledgement must be given to the several eminent Egyptian women who so graciously and effectively participated in that first seminar: Dr. Aisha Rateb, ex-Minister of Soclal Affairs; Dr. Mouflda Abdel ·Rahman, lawyer and member of the Committee Studying Faml ly Law; Dr. Zelnab el Sobhy, ex Secretary General of the Women's Secretariat at the Arab Socialist Union; Mrs. Aziza Hussein, Permanent Representative on the United Nations Committee on the Status of Women; and Mrs Ceza Nabarawi, Co-Founder and Pioneer to the Egyptian Feminist Movement . Encouraged by the enthusiast ic response to our first endeavor, we began to formulate ideas tor another seminar series --this time linked more speciticaIIy to the theme of women and deveIopment. We were further guided by the resuIts of the Mexico City Meetings, during which a WorId PIan of Action was unanimousIy accepted. This plan provided a comprehensive backdrop or context within which to discuss specific issues relating to strategies tor women to participate in the development of their country. It was at this juncture that the efforts of Ms. Judith Granada­ Dewey came to deserve special recognition. Through discussions with her over informal investigations related to the status of health care avaivable to Egyptian women, it was decided that an appropriate theme for the 1976 seminar series would be the entire issue of women and health as resources for development.