Unraveling the gut microbiome’s contribution to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives

Funding Number

5P20GM121322

Funding Sponsor

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Third Author's Department

Biotechnology Program

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https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1434771

All Authors

Eileen Tabrizi, Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi, Gehad Mahmoud Khaled, Michael P. Sestito, Saeid Jamie, Brian A. Boone

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Frontiers in Immunology

Publication Date

1-1-2024

doi

10.3389/fimmu.2024.1434771

Abstract

The gut microbiome plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), influencing oncogenesis, immune responses, and treatment outcomes. Studies have identified microbial species like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, that promote PDAC progression through various mechanisms. Additionally, the gut microbiome affects immune cell activation and response to immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T therapy. Specific microbes and their metabolites play a significant role in the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Alterations in the gut microbiome can either enhance or diminish responses to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade therapy. Additionally, bacterial metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impact antitumor immunity, offering potential targets to augment immunotherapy responses. Modulating the microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary changes, and antibiotics shows promise in PDAC treatment, although outcomes are highly variable. Dietary modifications, particularly high-fiber diets and specific fat consumption, influence microbiome composition and impact cancer risk. Combining microbiome-based therapies with existing treatments holds potential for improving PDAC therapy outcomes, but further research is needed to optimize their effectiveness.

Comments

Review. Record derived from SCOPUS.

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