Treatment of carbamazepine and other structurally-related pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater by nanoporous adsorbents and photocatalysts: a critical review

Author's Department

Chemistry Department

Fourth Author's Department

Chemistry Department

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https://doi.org/10.1515/revce-2023-0038

All Authors

Hebatullah H. Farghal, Marianne Nebsen, Lee Blaney, Mayyada M.H. El-Sayed

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

Publication Date

7-1-2024

doi

10.1515/revce-2023-0038

Abstract

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a contaminant of emerging concern that is persistent in water and wastewater. At low concentrations, prolonged exposure to CBZ-containing water causes detrimental health effects to humans and may also have negative impacts on the environment. Here we critically review new treatment approaches to decrease CBZ concentrations in water and wastewater. First, we summarize the transformation pathways of CBZ in the aquatic environment and identify the corresponding products. Then, we describe the removal of CBZ and structurally-related pharmaceuticals by phototransformation, biotransformation, and adsorption processes, with an emphasis on the application of naturally- and biologically-derived nanoporous adsorbents, such as agricultural wastes, natural polymers, activated carbon, metal organic frameworks, silicas, and molecularly imprinted polymers. Biologically-derived activated carbons exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for CBZ, with adsorption predominantly occurring through hydrophobic and π–π interactions. CBZ was also effectively treated using titanium dioxide and other inorganic photocatalysts. This review not only provides a critical synthesis of state-of-the-art adsorption and degradation

First Page

641

Last Page

665

Comments

Review. Record derived from SCOPUS.

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