Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Greater Cairo water supply systems

Author's Department

Construction Engineering Department

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https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.312

All Authors

Mahmoud M. Fouad; Ahmed S. El-Gendy; Mostafa M. H. Khalil; Taha M. A. Razek

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Journal of Water and Health

Publication Date

4-1-2022

doi

10.2166/wh.2022.312

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a constant threat to the environment and public health. There are numerous activities in the Greater Cairo area that emit and release significant amounts of PAHs. Concentrations of these PAHs are released into the air and mixed with surface water, limiting its use. In this study, 17 PAH compounds are mapped at eight sites along the Nile River and its tributaries in Greater Cairo. In addition, their removal efficiency is evaluated with the conventional treatment in eight water treatment plants. PAHs were analyzed using GC–MS from January to December 2018. Naphthalene, anthracene, fluorene, pyrene, and phenanthrene were detected. The total amount of PAHs in raw water was highest in Shamal Helwan (1,325 ± 631 ng/l) and lowest in Mostorod (468 ± 329 ng/l), and the removal ranged from 25 to 31%. Further research is needed to integrate other techniques to reduce PAHs using the conventional treatment, and more efforts should be made to reduce the presence and release of PAHs in raw water.

First Page

680

Last Page

691

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