Abstract

Access to safe and appropriate medications is a critical component of public health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Egypt, self-medication and informal pharmaceutical dispensing have become deeply embedded practices shaped by systemic, economic, and cultural factors. This research explores the complex interplay between self-medication behaviors, pharmaceutical regulation, and healthcare access in Egypt. Through qualitative interviews with policymakers, pharmacists, physicians, industry professionals, and citizens, the research uncovers widespread informal dispensing of prescription-only medicines, driven by high out-of-pocket costs, limited insurance coverage, and high public reliance on pharmacists as primary care providers. Despite the presence of regulatory frameworks, weak enforcement, lack of technological and human resources, and limited public awareness hinder effective governance. The study concludes with evidence-based policy recommendations to enhance regulatory enforcement, improve healthcare access, integrate pharmacists into formal care, and strengthen public education, offering a path toward safer and more equitable medication practices in Egypt.

School

School of Global Affairs and Public Policy

Department

Public Policy & Administration Department

Degree Name

MA in Public Policy

Graduation Date

Fall 2-15-2026

Submission Date

9-18-2025

First Advisor

Rana Hendy

Committee Member 1

Ahmed Mandil

Committee Member 2

Mohamed Elkaramany

Extent

164 p.

Document Type

Master's Thesis

Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval

Approval has been obtained for this item

Disclosure of AI Use

Thesis editing and/or reviewing

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Available for download on Friday, March 20, 2026

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