Utilizing Cob–Earth and Sand-Filled Plastic Bottles to Address Environmental Challenges: A Sustainable Construction Solution

Funding Sponsor

Bartlett Foundation

Author's Department

Construction Engineering Department

Second Author's Department

Construction Engineering Department

Third Author's Department

Construction Engineering Department

Fourth Author's Department

Construction Engineering Department

Fifth Author's Department

Architecture Department

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156784

All Authors

Mayar Khairy Zeinab Ahmed Ahmed Abodonya Omar Ahmed El Kadi Khaled Tarabieh Khaled Nassar Ezzeldin Yazeed Sayed-Ahmed

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Sustainability Switzerland

Publication Date

8-1-2025

doi

10.3390/su17156784

Abstract

The construction industry is a major contributor to global carbon emissions, primarily due to its reliance on cement-based materials. Simultaneously, plastic bottle waste presents a significant environmental challenge. This study aims to address both issues by exploring the integration of plastic bottle waste into cob–earth materials as a sustainable alternative to traditional concrete modules. The research involves testing various mixes with plastic bottles arranged in different patterns to assess their load-bearing capacity and distribution. The cob mix with bottles arranged in a modified pattern demonstrated the highest load resistance, bearing over 47.1 kN, making it suitable for prototype development. The study also investigates the potential of using cob as an exterior finishing layer, reducing the need for cement. The results show that using local earth materials significantly lowers embodied carbon, offering a more sustainable construction solution. This approach helps mitigate plastic waste and supports climate resilience by promoting low-carbon, locally sourced materials, aligning with Egypt’s national sustainability commitments.

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