Joint Beamforming and Power Allocation Design for Wirelessly Charged Unmanned Inspecting Vehicles in Power Transmission Systems

Funding Sponsor

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Author's Department

Computer Science & Engineering Department

Fifth Author's Department

Computer Science & Engineering Department

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https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2025.3560019

All Authors

Yingjie Huang Amr M. Abdelhady Qianggang Wang Jia Ye Tamer ElBatt Yuan Chi Ahmed M. Eltawil Amr A. El-Sherif

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking

Publication Date

1-1-2025

doi

10.1109/TGCN.2025.3560019

Abstract

The rapid development of the smart grid has intensified research efforts towards automating power transmission system inspections using unmanned intelligent vehicles (UIVs). A major challenge hindering their large-scale deployment is the short operational endurance of these vehicles. This paper addresses this limitation by proposing the use of an energy transmitter (ET) and a reconfigurable intelligent surface for wirelessly charging the vehicles through radio frequency (RF) signals. Additionally, we tackle the nonlinearity of RF-to-direct current (DC) conversion, which shows efficiency saturation at high power levels, by introducing a novel power-splitting (PS) energy harvesting (EH) receiver architecture in the inspection vehicles. The inspection tasks are divided into multiple time slots, and a power transfer efficiency (PTE) maximization problem is formulated to jointly optimize the beamforming design at both the transmitter and the RIS, as well as the transmit power allocation and receiving power splitter settings for each time slot. This approach aims to meet the energy requirements of the unmanned inspection vehicles while adhering to the total available power constraint at the ET. To solve the non-convex PTE maximization problem, we propose an efficient solution utilizing alternating optimization, the Dinkelbach’s method, and successive convex approximation, considering the unique properties of channel structure and finite phase resolution. Numerical results demonstrate that our proposed system and design significantly extend the lifespan of inspection vehicles and achieve high energy efficiency in a low-complexity manner.

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