Macro-Economic Inequality and National Stereotypes in 45 Non-Western Countries

Funding Sponsor

Murata Science and Education Foundation

Author's Department

Psychology Department

Fifth Author's Department

Psychology Department

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https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506251370424

All Authors

Vukašin Gligorić John T. Jost Iva Mićanović Odeta Tase Lameese Eldesouky Emerson Araújo Do Bú Camilo Arévalo-Romero Alisa Balabanova Pilar Baracaldo Tatiana Basáñez Hakan Çakmak Manuel Capella Tzu Yun Chen Emir Erhan Tengku Nila Fadhlia Eman Farahat Anneke Farías-Yapur Md Omar Faruk Saima Ghazal Biljana Gjoneska Theofilos Gkinopoulos Ana Maria Gore Hirotaka Imada Candela I. Jantus Yvonne Yaqi Jin Jelena Kalinić Fatima Kamran Anna Kende

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Publication Date

1-1-2025

doi

10.1177/19485506251370424

Abstract

The assumption that people favor ingroups and disfavor outgroups is based largely on theory and research from Western countries. However, groups subjected to economic exploitation and inequality might come to favor more advantaged outgroups. The present large-scale study (N = 12,339) involving 45 non-Western countries explored ingroup stereotypes and stereotypes of relatively advantaged and disadvantaged outgroups (Western Europeans and Western Africans, respectively) and their relation to macroeconomic conditions. Compared with their national ingroup, participants stereotyped advantaged outgroups as more competent (exhibiting outgroup favoritism) but less warm; they stereotyped disadvantaged outgroups as less competent but neither more nor less warm. Nationals of poorer and more exploited countries exhibited stronger outgroup favoritism on competence and stronger ingroup favoritism on warmth. This work provides preliminary evidence for the structural origins of national stereotypes: macroeconomic inequalities can override habitual ingroup favoritism and lead national groups to exhibit outgroup favoritism.

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