Ionogels for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion: A Critical Review of Materials Design Strategies and Application Prospects

Funding Sponsor

American University in Cairo

Author's Department

Energy Materials Laboratory

Second Author's Department

Energy Materials Laboratory

Third Author's Department

Energy Materials Laboratory

Fourth Author's Department

Energy Materials Laboratory

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https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04402

All Authors

Shadi A.S. Eldib Moustafa I.M. Abdelaziz Basamat S. Shaheen Nageh K. Allam

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Energy and Fuels

Publication Date

11-6-2025

doi

10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04402

Abstract

This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field of ionogel-based thermoelectric materials, highlighting their potential to transform flexible and sustainable energy harvesting technologies. It focuses on the molecular design strategies, composite architectures, and multifunctional properties that enhance key performance parameters, including ionic thermopower, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability. Unlike prior studies, this work integrates higher-order doping methodologies, hybrid filler incorporation, and polymer matrix engineering to address long-standing challenges such as limited ion transport efficiency, insufficient mechanical strength, and vulnerability to environmental degradation. A central theme of the review is the fundamental understanding of ion–polymer interactions and the theoretical principles used to predict and optimize these processes. By examining these mechanisms, the review provides guidance on improving the figure of merit (ZT) for energy conversion, a critical step toward realizing high-performance ionic thermoelectrics. The discussion also extends to emerging applications, including flexible and wearable thermoelectric generators, low-grade waste heat recovery, and soft electronics, which demand materials with high adaptability and reliability. Current thermoelectric materials are often brittle and exhibit low Seebeck coefficients, limiting their practical use. To overcome these barriers, the review highlights recent advances in next-generation ionogels with features such as antifreeze properties, self-healing capabilities, and reusability, enabling stable operation under diverse and harsh environmental conditions. Finally, the review identifies critical research pathways needed to develop sustainable, high-performance ionic thermoelectric devices, emphasizing the importance of integrating fundamental scientific insights with application-driven design. By comparing existing studies with this framework, the paper underscores its novelty and relevance to both the scientific and industrial communities seeking to advance flexible, efficient, and environmentally resilient energy harvesting technologies.

First Page

21125

Last Page

21142

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