Decoding the Role of CYP450 Enzymes in Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Author's Department

Institute of Global Health & Human Ecology

Second Author's Department

Institute of Global Health & Human Ecology

Third Author's Department

Biotechnology Program

Fourth Author's Department

Biotechnology Program

Fifth Author's Department

Institute of Global Health & Human Ecology

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071467

All Authors

Basma Hossam Abdelmonem, Noha M. Abdelaal, Eman K.E. Anwer, Alaa A. Rashwan, Mohamed Ali Hussein, Yasmin F. Ahmed, Rana Khashana, Mireille M. Hanna, Anwar Abdelnaser

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Biomedicines

Publication Date

7-1-2024

doi

10.3390/biomedicines12071467

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a group of enzymes that play an essential role in Phase I metabolism, with 57 functional genes classified into 18 families in the human genome, of which the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 families are prominent. Beyond drug metabolism, CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous compounds such as lipids, proteins, and hormones to maintain physiological homeostasis. Thus, dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes can lead to different endocrine disorders. Moreover, CYP450 enzymes significantly contribute to fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis, impacting cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis. Their diverse functions emphasize their therapeutic potential in managing hypercholesterolemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, CYP450 enzymes are implicated in the onset and development of illnesses such as cancer, influencing chemotherapy outcomes. Assessment of CYP450 enzyme expression and activity aids in evaluating liver health state and differentiating between liver diseases, guiding therapeutic decisions, and optimizing drug efficacy. Understanding the roles of CYP450 enzymes and the clinical effect of their genetic polymorphisms is crucial for developing personalized therapeutic strategies and enhancing drug responses in diverse patient populations.

Comments

Review. Record derived from SCOPUS.

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