Nanoencapsulation of general anaesthetics

Funding Sponsor

American University in Cairo

Author's Department

Nanotechnology Program

Second Author's Department

Chemistry Department

Third Author's Department

Chemistry Department

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https://doi.org/10.1039/d3na01012k

All Authors

Basma M.T. Abdoullateef, Saif El-Din Al-Mofty, Hassan M.E. Azzazy

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Nanoscale Advances

Publication Date

2-15-2024

doi

10.1039/d3na01012k

Abstract

General anaesthetics are routinely used to sedate patients during prolonged surgeries and administered via intravenous injection and/or inhalation. All anaesthetics have short half-lives, hence the need for their continuous administration. This causes several side effects such as pain, vomiting, nausea, bradycardia, and on rare occasions death post-administration. Several clinical trials studied the synergetic effect of a combination of anaesthetic drugs to reduce the drug load. Another solution is to encapsulate anaesthetics in nanoparticles to reduce their dose and side effects as well as achieve their sustained release manner. Different types of nanoparticles were developed as carriers of intravenous and intrathecal anaesthetics generating platforms which facilitate drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanocarriers encapsulating common anaesthetic drugs such as propofol, etomidate, and ketamine were developed and characterized in terms of size, stability, onset and duration of loss of right reflex, and tolerance to pain in small animal models. The review discusses the types of nanocarriers used to reduce the side effects of the anaesthetic drugs while prolonging the sedation time. More rigorous studies are still required to evaluate the nanocarrier formulations regarding their ability to deliver anaesthetic drugs across the BBB, safety, and finally applicability in clinical settings.

First Page

1361

Last Page

1373

Comments

Review. Record derived from SCOPUS.

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