ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ: ﺟﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻟﺰ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺠﺎً / International Justice in Contemporary American Thought: John Rawls

Mounir Kchaou

Program

ALIF

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http://www.jstor.org/stable/23216066

All Authors

Kchaou, Mounir; ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻮ, ﻣﻨﻴﺮ

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics

Publication Date

2011

Abstract

[ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﻭﻟﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻭﺗﺆﺳﺲ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺏ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ. ﻭﺗﺮﻛﹼﺰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ: ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﹼﻖ ﺑﻔﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﻕ ﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺧﻼﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻌﻮﺏ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻳﺘﻮﻓﹼﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺮﻃ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﻗﺔ، ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ؛ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﻟﹼﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺒﺮﺍﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺨﻮﺽ ﺣﺮﻭﺑﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺿﺪﹼ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﹼﻌﻴﺔ، ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﹸﺮﻏﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺽ ﺣﺮﺏ ﺗﺘﻘﻴﹼﺪ ﺑﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﻳﺤﺪﹼﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺏ ﻻ ﺗﺤﻴﺪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ. ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﻟﺰ ﺑﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ . This article analyzes Rawls’s project in light of a theory of international justice that reinforces peace in the world and relations of cooperation and mutual respect between peoples. It addresses the idea of the international consensus of moral nature shared by peoples and systems, and the conditions of decency required for strengthening security and peace between members of society. The author concludes that truly liberal and developed democracies tend not to wage war except to defend themselves and, even in such cases, they submit to a set of constraints defined by the law of war. This theory elaborates an idealized conception to improve international law and to re-organize relations between peoples.]

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