ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ / The Problematics of Representation in "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass"

Program

ALIF

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http://www.jstor.org/stable/23216062

All Authors

AbdelRahman, Fadwa; ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ, ﻓﺪﻭﻯ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ

Document Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics

Publication Date

2011

Abstract

[ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﺳﺨﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮﺍﹰ ﺣﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﻮﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ. ﻓﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ﺃﺗﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ - ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ - ﻣﻜﻨﺘﻬﻢ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﻢ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﻨﺒﻊ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺷﻌﺐ ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ، ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻃﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﻲ، ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ. ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺟﻼﺱ، ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ، ﻭﺇﻧﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻳﺸﻜﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﹰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺎﹰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ . Slave narratives, in general, and Frederick Douglass’s works, in particular, have created a serious difficulty for their modern readers and interpreters as representations of the otherwise silent community of black slaves. Silence here denotes their inability to enter certain domains of discourse. Thus, they appear` silent despite the rich African American traditions of music, song, and story-telling, which helped to preserve their cultural identity but could not be written into the mainstream culture. The article poses questions concerning the ability of one intellectual voice to represent the collectivity of black experience and of black slaves. This does not diminish the literary value of Douglass's writing but undermines the use of it as a historical document]

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