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Participation and community in the Egyptian new lands: The case of South Tahrir
Nicholas Hopkins, Abderrahim ElHaydary, Salah El Zoghby, and Hanaa Singer
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Informal Communities in Cairo: The Basis of a Typology
Linda Oldham, Haguer El Hadidi, and Hussein Tamaa
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Philosophy, ethics, and virtuous rule: A study of Averroes' Commentary on Plato's "Republic"
Charles E. Butterworth
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An analytic index of survey research in Egypt
Madiha El Safty, Monte Palmer, and Mark Kennedy
The objective of the present volume is to provide planners and scholars with an analytical summary of some of the most important survey research projects that have been completed in Egypt over the course of the past twenty years.
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Basic needs, inflation, and the poor of Egypt, 1970-1980
Myrette Ahmed El Sokkari
The aim of the study is to see how the poor have fared over the 1970's: to evaluate whether their welfare improved or worsened. The cost of the private consumption goods will be estimated over the period of 1970-1982 using detailed information on the cost of food, clothing, and shelter for both urban and rural areas.
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Social security and the family in Egypt
Helmi R. Tadros
This study is based on the research project entitled"The Role of Social and Economic Security in Family and Community Life", conducted by the Social Research Center (SRC) of the American University in Cairo in collaboration with the Mershon Center of the Ohio State University.
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The Nationalization of Arabic and Islamic Education in Egypt: Dar Al Alum and Al Azhar
Lois A. Aroian
This study sets forth for the first time the vital role of Dar Al'ulum, Egypt's first and only continuously operating university level teaching training institution, in the nationalization of Islamic and Arabic education in Egypt. Ali Mubarak, nineteenth century Egypt's longest enduring bureaucrat, initiated , and Khedive Ismail (1863-1879) founded Dar al Ulum in 1892 to train teachers of Arabic and Turkish for the newly expanding national (amiriyya) school system. This study grew out of a PhD dissertation, "Education, Language and Culture in Modern Egypt: Dar Al Ulum and its Graduates (1872-1923)" presented at The University of Michigin in 1978.
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Export of Egyptian school teachers
Suzanne A. Messiha
Migration is a complex social phenomenon whose causes, motivations and consequences are diverse. The economist, therefore, cannot presume the monopoly of its explanation. He, like specialists of other disciplines, emphasizes the variables of his concern. This monograph treats migration from an economic point of view; migration is conceptualized as a means of promoting efficient utilization of resources., an fovestment aiming at increasing the productivity of human resources, an investment which has costs and which also generates return (Schultz, 1971: 18, Bowan et al, 1967:875-98; Sjaastad, 1962:8-83.) It is an attempt to appraise Egypt's policy to invest in huma.n capital through export, i.e. cost-benefit analysis. Both the internal rate of return and the net present value criteria have been used to test the hypothesis that seconding Egyptian school teachers to Saudia Arabia and Kuwait is profitable for Egypt as the emigration country. From the private welfare perspective, the objective function is to maximize the income of a particular group, and from the development perspective, the objective function is to maximize gross domestic product. The research outline in treating this subject has been as follows: In part one, we examine the demand for Egyptian labor in Arab countries. giving different estimates of the number of Egyptians actually working there. Then we discuss the triad of Egypt's economic problems (foreign exchange shortage, population pressure, and surplus labor) which have been plaguing the economy since the sixties, and which gathered momentum in the seventies to finally compel the Egyptian government to resort to liberalization of migration as an outlet. From this, we proceed in part 2 to review the evolution of Egypt's migration policy since the Revolution. In this period, the tone of official Egyptian policy has ranged from antagonism, to ambivalence to liberalization. The reference to policy includes migration policies,secondment policies, and remittances policies. Having discussed Egypt's migratjon policy, we turn in part 3 to a survey of status of migration theory and its recent appfication to migration. This survey consists of listing the different approaches used in the study of emigration phenomenon and the perspective followed in this study (human capital approach:empirical application). Part 4 contains a detailed explanation of the methodology used in this study, its relevance and limitations. The hypothesis which·;: to be tested within the framework of the private welfare perspective and the development perspective is spelled out, followed by the sources of data for empirical application of the model. In part 5, the Saudi Arabian survey is examined. This survey is examined in relation to the construction of the questionnaire schedules, the respondents' characteristics, attitudes, preferences and expenditures pattern abroad and upon return to Egypt. This survey focuses primarily on the importance of remittances and repatriated earnings of the respondents and of the original population as a whole and their magnitude and significance relative to the Egyptian economy. This chapter also includes an assessment of Egypt's remittance policy in light of our findings. The same pattern of analysis has been pursued in part 6 for the Kuwaiti case. In part 7, an attempt is made to apply the model empirically to our findings in the two surveys within the framework of the private welfare and development perspectives and to interpret the results in part 8, our conclusions are presented and policy recommendations based on our findings are proposed.
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Ghagar of Sett Guiranha: A Study of a Gypsy Community in Egypt
Nabil Sobhi Hanna
This monograph is the result of a field study of one of the gypsy groups in Egypt known as the "Ghagar of Sett Guiran'ha'i" which lives within the boundaries of the Arab Republic of Egypt, in a rural area, close to main centers. Apart from giving a detailed description of this group, the study attempts to reveal the dynamics of integration of this group with the society around it through the examination of forms of social contact and avoidance; the expioration of similarities and contrasts between the gypsy group and the local community; and the investigation of some aspects of the social structure and prevailing culture cif both the"Ghagar and their host community" Following Anne Sutherland's approach in her study of American Gypsies {1975}, every effort has been made in the present work to preserve the anonymity of this group and to protect them from curiosity seekers whose presence might jeopardize social relations with the host community. Accordingly, the precise locale of the Ghagar of Sett Guiran'ha is not given here and the names of specific individuals are withheld. This particular group was selected for study because it forms a typical gypsy society: The Ghagar use their own language, in addition to the local Arabic; they have preserved and practice traditional gypsy occupations; they practice endogamous marriage, though they share basic characteristics with the surrounding society; their numbers are reasonably small.
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Distributing Disposable Income and The Impact of Eliminating Food Subsidies in Egypt
Karima Korayem
While both papers in this issue were written on different occasions, both discuss factors relating to the standard of living of the Egyptian population, namely, income and consumption. They, therefore are sufficiently related to comprise a single monograph. The income distribution paper shows that a large proportion of the population falls in the relatively low income brackets. The second paper, a subject of intensive public debate at present, shows how important food subsidy is in keeping down the cost of living of the low-income urban population. For example, it has been found that almost one-third of the urban population devote at least one-quarter of their total consumption expenditure to the main subsidized food items. The main objective of the income distribution paper is to provide dependable estimates of income distribution in the urban and rural sectors in Egypt. The consumption expenditure data of the Households Budget Survey 1974/75 have been used as the basis of these estimates. The objective of the second paper is twofold. First, it tries to find out how significantly the cost of living of the urban population will be affected if food subsidies are eliminated. This is done by examining both the direct and the indirect effects of the removal ot food subsidies on the urban cost of living. Second, same alternative measures are examined which might provide a better substitute for the prevailing subsidy system.
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